Digital control of multiphase series capacitor buck converter prototype for the powering of HL-LHC inner triplet magnets

©2022 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.A major upgrade will be conducted in the Large Hardon Collider (LHC) at CERN. This high-luminosity (HL) version of the LHC will increase the nominal luminosity by a factor of five. One of the key technologies of the HL-LHC is the new superconducting inner triplet (IT) magnets, responsible of producing high magnetic fields to focus particle beams. To power the IT magnets from the grid, a multistage power supply with an intermediate 24-V battery pack is being considered. In such topology, a low-voltage high-current dc/dc converter operating with a very high step-down ratio is required for the final conversion stage. In this work, an interleaved multiphase series capacitor buck converter is proposed to feed the IT magnets from the battery pack. A novel voltage regulation approach that ensures the current balance between the paralleled series capacitor cells is also proposed, where one cell is responsible for the output voltage regulation, while the remaining cells are current-regulated. A balanced current sharing between the series capacitor cells is achieved, when the current-controlled cells are referenced by the actual current of the first one. The proposal is theoretically analyzed and experimentally validated in a six-cell 1000-A prototype unit.This work was supported in part by the HL-LHC project by the CERN and APERT (UPV/EHU) “Collaboration in the Study of Power Converter Topologies for Inner Triplet magnets with Energy Recovery in the framework of the High Luminosity upgrade for the LHC at CERN,” in part by the Government of the Basque Country within the fund for research groups of the Basque University system under Grant IT978-16, in part by the Government of Spain through the Agencia Estatal de Investigación under Project DPI2017-85404-P, and in part by the Generalitat de Catalunya under Project 2017 SGR 872.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Modular Resonant 25 kV - 8 A Power Converter for Particle Accelerator Application: Realisation and Operation

This paper presents the realisation of a 25 kV DC 200 kW power converter designed at CERN to supply radio frequency (RF) amplifiers for a particle accelerator application. The architecture is based on an N+1 redundant and modular structure in order to increase the availability of the system. The converter topology is a resonant LCC full-bridge inverter supplying a step-up medium-frequency transformer and a high voltage rectifier. It focuses on the hardware and control implementation, and how the resonant circuit can naturally achieve a smooth transition in case of module failure.These new power converters have been used in operation during two years and the design has proven its reliability. They are able to provide twice the power of the previous converters, and therefore allow the RF cavities to cope with the higher beam intensity required by the CERN LHC Injectors Upgrade project (LIU). [1

Digital control of multiphase Series Capacitor Buck converter prototype for the powering of HL-LHC Inner Triplet magnets

A major upgrade will be conducted in the Large Hardon Collider (LHC) at CERN. This high luminosity (HL) version of the LHC will increase the nominal luminosity by a factor of five. One of the key technologies of the HL-LHC are the new superconducting Inner Triplet (IT) magnets, responsible of producing high magnetic fields to focus particle beams. To power the IT magnets from the grid, a multi-stage power supply with an intermediate 24 V battery pack is being considered. In such topology, a lowvoltage high-current DC/DC converter operating with a very high step down-ratio is required for the final conversion stage. In this work, an interleaved multiphase Series Capacitor Buck converter is proposed to feed the IT magnets from the battery pack. A novel voltage regulation approach that ensures the current balance between the paralleled Series Capacitor cells is also proposed, where one cell is responsible for the output voltage regulation, while the remaining cells are current regulated. A balanced current sharing between the Series Capacitor cells is achieved, when the current controlled cells are referenced by the actual current of the 1st one. The proposal is theoretically analysed and experimentally validated in a six cell 1000 A prototype unit